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# HTML URL Encoding

URL encoding is the practice of translating unprintable characters or characters with special meaning within URLs to a representation that is unambiguous and universally accepted by web browsers and servers. These characters include:

- ASCII control characters - Unprintable characters typically used for output control. Character ranges 00-1F hex (0-31 decimal) and 7F (127 decimal). A complete encoding table is given below.

- Non-ASCII control characters - These are characters beyond the ASCII character set of 128 characters. This range is part of the ISO-Latin character set and ncludes the entire "top half" of the ISO-Latin set 80-FF hex (128-255 decimal). A complete encoding table is given below.

- Reserved characters - These are special characters such as the dollar sign, ampersand, plus, common, forward slash, colon, semi-colon, equals sign, question mark, and "at" symbol. All of these can have different meanings inside a URL so need to be encoded. A complete encoding table is given below.

- Unsafe characters - These are space, quotation marks, less than symbol, greater than symbol, pound character, percent character, Left Curly Brace, Right Curly Brace , Pipe, Backslash, Caret, Tilde, Left Square Bracket , Right Square Bracket, Grave Accent. These character present the possibility of being misunderstood within URLs for various reasons. These characters should also always be encoded. A complete encoding table is given below.

The encoding notation replaces the desired character with three characters: a percent sign and two hexadecimal digits whose correspond to the position of the character in the ASCII character set.

# Example:

One of the most common special characters is the space. You can't type a space in a URL directly. A space position in the character set is 20 hexadecimal. So you can use %20 in place a space when passing your request to the server.

    http://www.example.com/new%20pricing.html

This URL actually retrieves a document named new pricing.html from the www.example.com

# ASCII control characters encoding

This includes the encoding for character ranges 00-1F hex (0-31 decimal) and 7F (127 decimal)

Decimal | Hex Value | Character | URL Encode
--- | --- | --- | ---
0 | 00 |  | %00
1 | 01 |  | %01
2 | 02 |  | %02
3 | 03 |  | %03
4 | 04 |  | %04
5 | 05 |  | %05
6 | 06 |  | %06
7 | 07 |  | %07
8 | 08 | backspace | %08
9 | 09 | tab | %09
10 | 0a | linefeed | %0a
11 | 0b |  | %0b
12 | 0c |  | %0c
13 | 0d | carriage return | %0d
14 | 0e |  | %0e
15 | 0f |  | %0f
16 | 10 |  | %10
17 | 11 |  | %11
18 | 12 |  | %12
19 | 13 |  | %13
20 | 14 |  | %14
21 | 15 |  | %15
22 | 16 |  | %16
23 | 17 |  | %17
24 | 18 |  | %18
25 | 19 |  | %19
26 | 1a |  | %1a
27 | 1b |  | %1b
28 | 1c |  | %1c
29 | 1d |  | %1d
30 | 1e |  | %1e
31 | 1f |  | %1f
127 | 7f |  | %7f

# Non-ASCII control characters encoding

This includes the encoding for the entire "top half" of the ISO-Latin set 80-FF hex (128-255 decimal.)

Decimal | Hex Value | Character | URL Encode
--- | --- | --- | ---
128 | 80 | € | %80
129 | 81 |  | %81
130 | 82 | ‚ | %82
131 | 83 | ƒ | %83
132 | 84 | „ | %84
133 | 85 | … | %85
134 | 86 | † | %86
135 | 87 | ‡ | %87
136 | 88 | ˆ | %88
137 | 89 | ‰ | %89
138 | 8a | Š | %8a
139 | 8b | ‹ | %8b
140 | 8c | Œ | %8c
141 | 8d |  | %8d
142 | 8e | Ž | %8e
143 | 8f |  | %8f
144 | 90 |  | %90
145 | 91 | ‘ | %91
146 | 92 | ’ | %92
147 | 93 | “ | %93
148 | 94 | ” | %94
149 | 95 | • | %95
150 | 96 | – | %96
151 | 97 | — | %97
152 | 98 | ˜ | %98
153 | 99 | ™ | %99
154 | 9a | š | %9a
155 | 9b | › | %9b
156 | 9c | œ | %9c
157 | 9d |  | %9d
158 | 9e | ž | %9e
159 | 9f | Ÿ | %9f
160 | a0 |  | %a0
161 | a1 | ¡ | %a1
162 | a2 | ¢ | %a2
163 | a3 | £ | %a3
164 | a4 | ¤ | %a4
165 | a5 | ¥ | %a5
166 | a6 | ¦ | %a6
167 | a7 | § | %a7
168 | a8 | ¨ | %a8
169 | a9 | © | %a9
170 | aa | ª | %aa
171 | ab | « | %ab
172 | ac | ¬ | %ac
173 | ad |  | %ad
174 | ae | ® | %ae
175 | af | ¯ | %af
176 | b0 | ° | %b0
177 | b1 | ± | %b1
178 | b2 | ² | %b2
179 | b3 | ³ | %b3
180 | b4 | ´ | %b4
181 | b5 | µ | %b5
182 | b6 | ¶ | %b6
183 | b7 | · | %b7
184 | b8 | ¸ | %b8
185 | b9 | ¹ | %b9
186 | ba | º | %ba
187 | bb | » | %bb
188 | bc | ¼ | %bc
189 | bd | ½ | %bd
190 | be | ¾ | %be
191 | bf | ¿ | %bf
192 | c0 | À | %c0
193 | c1 | Á | %c1
194 | c2 | Â | %c2
195 | c3 | Ã | %c3
196 | c4 | Ä | %c4
197 | c5 | Å | %c5
198 | c6 | Æ | %v6
199 | c7 | Ç | %c7
200 | c8 | È | %c8
201 | c9 | É | %c9
202 | ca | Ê | %ca
203 | cb | Ë | %cb
204 | cc | Ì | %cc
205 | cd | Í | %cd
206 | ce | Î | %ce
207 | cf | Ï | %cf
208 | d0 | Ð | %d0
209 | d1 | Ñ | %d1
210 | d2 | Ò | %d2
211 | d3 | Ó | %d3
212 | d4 | Ô | %d4
213 | d5 | Õ | %d5
214 | d6 | Ö | %d6
215 | d7 | × | %d7
216 | d8 | Ø | %d8
217 | d9 | Ù | %d9
218 | da | Ú | %da
219 | db | Û | %db
220 | dc | Ü | %dc
221 | dd | Ý | %dd
222 | de | Þ | %de
223 | df | ß | %df
224 | e0 | à | %e0
225 | e1 | á | %e1
226 | e2 | â | %e2
227 | e3 | ã | %e3
228 | e4 | ä | %e4
229 | e5 | å | %e5
230 | e6 | æ | %e6
231 | e7 | ç | %e7
232 | e8 | è | %e8
233 | e9 | é | %e9
234 | ea | ê | %ea
235 | eb | ë | %eb
236 | ec | ì | %ec
237 | ed | í | %ed
238 | ee | î | %ee
239 | ef | ï | %ef
240 | f0 | ð | %f0
241 | f1 | ñ | %f1
242 | f2 | ò | %f2
243 | f3 | ó | %f3
244 | f4 | ô | %f4
245 | f5 | õ | %f5
246 | f6 | ö | %f6
247 | f7 | ÷ | %f7
248 | f8 | ø | %f8
249 | f9 | ù | %f9
250 | fa | ú | %fa
251 | fb | û | %fb
252 | fc | ü | %fc
253 | fd | ý | %fd
254 | fe | þ | %fe
255 | ff | ÿ | %ff

# Reserved characters encoding

Following is the table to be used to encode reserved characters.

Decimal | Hex Value | Char | URL Encode
--- | --- | --- | ---
36 | 24 | $ | %24
38 | 26 | & | %26
43 | 2b | + | %2b
44 | 2c | , | %2c
47 | 2f | / | %2f
58 | 3a | : | %3a
59 | 3b | ; | %3b
61 | 3d | = | %3d
63 | 3f | ? | %3f
64 | 40 | @ | %40

# Unsafe characters encoding

Following is the table to be used to encode unsafe characters.

Decimal | Hex Value | Char | URL Encode
--- | --- | --- | ---
32 | 20 | space | %20
34 | 22 | " | %22
60 | 3c | < | %3c
62 | 3e | > | %3e
35 | 23 | # | %23
37 | 25 | % | %25
123 | 7b | { | %7b
125 | 7d | } | %7d
124 | 7c | | | %7c
92 | 5c | \ | %5c
94 | 5e | ^ | %5e
126 | 7e | ~ | %7e
91 | 5b | [ | %5b
93 | 5d | ] | %5d
96 | 60 | ` | %60

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