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# PERL Introduction

Perl is a general-purpose programming language originally developed for text manipulation and now used for a wide range of tasks including system administration, web development, network programming, GUI development, and more.

## What You Should Already Know

If you have basic knowledge of C or UNIX Shell then PERL is very easy to learn. If this is your first language to learn then you may take one to two week to be fluent in PERL

## What is PERL?

- Perl is a stable, cross platform programming language.
- Perl stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language.
- It is used for mission critical projects in the public and private sectors.
- Perl is Open Source software, licensed under its Artistic License, or the GNU General Public License (GPL).
- Perl was created by Larry Wall.
- Perl 1.0 was released to usenet's alt.comp.sources in 1987
- PC Magazine named Perl a finalist for its 1998 Technical Excellence Award in the Development Tool category.
- Perl is listed in the Oxford English Dictionary.

## Supported Operating Systems

- Unix systems
- Macintosh - (OS 7-9 and X) see The MacPerl Pages.
- Windows - see ActiveState Tools Corp.
- VMS
- And many more...

## PERL Features

- Perl takes the best features from other languages, such as C, awk, sed, sh, and BASIC, among others.
- Perls database integration interface (DBI) supports third-party databases including Oracle, Sybase, Postgres, MySQL and others.
- Perl works with HTML, XML, and other mark-up languages.
- Perl supports Unicode.
- Perl is Y2K compliant.
- Perl supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.
- Perl interfaces with external C/C++ libraries through XS or SWIG.
- Perl is extensible. There are over 500 third party modules available
from the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN).
- The Perl interpreter can be embedded into other systems.

## PERL and the Web

- Perl is the most popular web programming language due to its text manipulation capabilities and rapid development cycle.
- Perl is widely known as " the duct-tape of the Internet".
- Perl's CGI.pm module, part of Perl's standard distribution, makes handling HTML forms simple.
- Perl can handle encrypted Web data, including e-commerce transactions.
- Perl can be embedded into web servers to speed up processing by as much as 2000%.
- mod_perl allows the Apache web server to embed a Perl interpreter.
- Perl's DBI package makes web-database integration easy.

## Is Perl Compiled or Interpreted

Good question. The sort answer is interpreted, which means that your code can be run as is, without a compilation stage that creates a nonportable executebale program.
Tradional compilers convert programs into machine language. When you run a Perl program, it's first compiled into a bytecode, which is then converted ( as the program runs) into machine instructions. So it is not quite the same as shells, or Tcl, which are "strictly" interpreted without an intermediate representation. Nor it is like most versions of C or C++, which are compiled directly into a machine dependent format. It is somewhere in between, along with Python and awk and Emacs .elc files.

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