httpd is the Apache HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server program. It is designed to be run as a standalone daemon process. When used like this it will create a pool of child processes or threads to handle requests.
In general, httpd should not be invoked directly, but rather should be invoked via apachectl on Unix-based systems or as a service on Windows NT, 2000 and XP and as a console application on Windows 9x and ME.
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-d serverroot
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Set the initial value for the ServerRoot directive to serverroot. This can be overridden by the ServerRoot directive in the configuration file. The default is /etc/httpd.
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-f config
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Uses the directives in the file config on startup. If config does not begin with a /, then it is taken to be a path relative to the ServerRoot. The default is conf/httpd.conf.
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-k start|restart|graceful|stop|graceful-stop
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Signals httpd to start, restart, or stop. See Stopping Apache for more information.
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-C directive
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Process the configuration directive before reading config files.
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-c directive
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Process the configuration directive after reading config files.
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-D parameter
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Sets a configuration parameter which can be used with <IfDefine> sections in the configuration files to conditionally skip or process commands at server startup and restart.
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-e level
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Sets the LogLevel to level during server startup. This is useful for temporarily increasing the verbosity of the error messages to find problems during startup.
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-E file
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Send error messages during server startup to file.
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-R directory
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When the server is compiled using the SHARED_CORE rule, this specifies the directory for the shared object files.
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-h
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Output a short summary of available command line options.
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-l
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Output a list of modules compiled into the server. This will not list dynamically loaded modules included using the LoadModule directive.
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-L
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Output a list of directives together with expected arguments and places where the directive is valid.
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-M
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Dump a list of loaded Static and Shared Modules.
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-S
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Show the settings as parsed from the config file (currently only shows the virtualhost settings).
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-t
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Run syntax tests for configuration files only. The program immediately exits after these syntax parsing tests with either a return code of 0 (Syntax OK) or return code not equal to 0 (Syntax Error). If -D DUMP_VHOSTS is also set, details of the virtual host configuration will be printed. If -D DUMP_MODULES is set, all loaded modules will be printed.
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-v
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Print the version of httpd, and then exit.
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-V
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Print the version and build parameters of httpd, and then exit.
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-X
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Run httpd in debug mode. Only one worker will be started and the server will not detach from the console.
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The following arguments are available only on the Windows platform:
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-k install|config|uninstall
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Install Apache as a Windows NT service; change startup options for the Apache service; and uninstall the Apache service.
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-n name
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The name of the Apache service to signal.
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-w
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Keep the console window open on error so that the error message can be read.
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