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# CSS - Pseudo Elements

CSS pseudo-elements are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do not need to use Javascript or any other script to use those effects. A simple syntax of pseudo-element is as follows:

    selector:pseudo-element {property: value}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-elements:

    selector.class:pseudo-element {property: value}

There are following most commonly used pseudo-elements:

Value | Description
--- | ---
:first-line | Use this element to add special styles to the first line of the text in a selector.
:first-letter | Use this element to add special style to the first letter of the text in a selector.
:before | Use this element to insert some content before an element.
:after | Use this element to insert some content after an element.

# The :first-line pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :first-line element to add special effect to the first line of elements in the document .

    <style type="text/css">
    p:first-line { text-decoration: underline; }
    p.noline:first-line { text-decoration: none; }
    </style>
    <p class="noline"> This line would not have any underline
    because this belongs to nline class.</p>

    <p>The first line of this paragraph will be underlined
    as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the lines in this
    paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use
    :first-line pseduo element to give effect to the first line
    of any HTML element.</p>

This will produce following black link:

This line would not have any underline because this belongs to nline class. The first line of this paragraph will be underlined as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the lines in this paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use :first-line pseduo element to give effect to the first lines of any HTML element.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

# The :first-letter pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :first-letter element to add special effect to the first letter of elements in the document .

    <style type="text/css">
    p:first-letter { font-size: 3em; text-color:red; }
    p.normal:first-letter { font-size: 10px; }
    </style>
    <p class="normal"> First character of this paragraph will
    be normal and will have font size 10 px;</p>

    <p>The first character of this paragraph will be 3em big
    and in red color as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the
    characters in this paragraph will remain normal. This example
    shows how to use :first-letter pseduo element to give effect to
    the first characters  of any HTML element.</p>

This will produce following black link:

First character of this paragraph will be normal and will have font size 10 px; The first character of this paragraph will be 3em big and in red color as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the characters in this paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use :first-letter pseduo element to give effect to the first characters of any HTML element.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

# The :before pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :before element to add some content before any element .

    <style type="text/css">
    p:before
    {
    content: url(/images/bullet.gif)
    }
    </style>
    <p> This line will be preceded by a bullet.</p>
    <p> This line will be preceded by a bullet.</p>
    <p> This line will be preceded by a bullet.</p>

This will produce following black link:

This line will be preceded by a bullet. This line will be preceded by a bullet. This line will be preceded by a bullet.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

# The :after pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :after element to add some content after any element .

    <style type="text/css">
    p:after
    {
    content: url(/images/bullet.gif)
    }
    </style>
    <p> This line will be succeeded by a bullet.</p>
    <p> This line will be succeeded by a bullet.</p>
    <p> This line will be succeeded by a bullet.</p>

This will produce following black link:

This line will be succeeded by a bullet. This line will be succeeded by a bullet. This line will be succeeded by a bullet.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

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