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C++ switch statement

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A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each case.

Syntax:

The syntax for a switch statement in C++ is as follows:

switch(expression){
    case constant-expression  :
       statement(s);
       break; //optional
    case constant-expression  :
       statement(s);
       break; //optional
  
    // you can have any number of case statements.
    default : //Optional
       statement(s);
}

The following rules apply to a switch statement:

Flow Diagram:

C++ switch statement

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main ()
{
   // local variable declaration:
   char grade = 'D';

   switch(grade)
   {
   case 'A' :
      cout << "Excellent!" << endl; 
      break;
   case 'B' :
   case 'C' :
      cout << "Well done" << endl;
      break;
   case 'D' :
      cout << "You passed" << endl;
      break;
   case 'F' :
      cout << "Better try again" << endl;
      break;
   default :
      cout << "Invalid grade" << endl;
   }
   cout << "Your grade is " << grade << endl;
 
   return 0;
}

This would produce following result:

You passed
Your grade is D

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