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# Python OS File/Directory Methods

The os module provides a big range of useful methods to manipulate files and directories. Most of the useful methods are listed here:

SN | Methods with Description
--- | ---
1 | os.access(path, mode) Use the real uid/gid to test for access to path.
2 | os.chdir(path) Change the current working directory to path
3 | os.chflags(path, flags) Set the flags of path to the numeric flags.
4 | os.chmod(path, mode) Change the mode of path to the numeric mode.
5 | os.chown(path, uid, gid) Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid.
6 | os.chroot(path) Change the root directory of the current process to path.
7 | os.close(fd) Close file descriptor fd.
8 | os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high) Close all file descriptors from fd_low (inclusive) to fd_high (exclusive), ignoring errors.
9 | os.dup(fd) Return a duplicate of file descriptor fd.
10 | os.dup2(fd, fd2) Duplicate file descriptor fd to fd2, closing the latter first if necessary.
11 | os.fchdir(fd) Change the current working directory to the directory represented by the file descriptor fd.
12 | os.fchmod(fd, mode) Change the mode of the file given by fd to the numeric mode.
13 | os.fchown(fd, uid, gid) Change the owner and group id of the file given by fd to the numeric uid and gid.
14 | os.fdatasync(fd) Force write of file with filedescriptor fd to disk.
15 | os.fdopen(fd[, mode[, bufsize]]) Return an open file object connected to the file descriptor fd.
16 | os.fpathconf(fd, name) Return system configuration information relevant to an open file. name specifies the configuration value to retrieve.
17 | os.fstat(fd) Return status for file descriptor fd, like stat().
18 | os.fstatvfs(fd) Return information about the filesystem containing the file associated with file descriptor fd, like statvfs().
19 | os.fsync(fd) Force write of file with filedescriptor fd to disk.
20 | os.ftruncate(fd, length) Truncate the file corresponding to file descriptor fd, so that it is at most length bytes in size.
21 | os.getcwd() Return a string representing the current working directory.
22 | os.getcwdu() Return a Unicode object representing the current working directory.
23 | os.isatty(fd) Return True if the file descriptor fd is open and connected to a tty(-like) device, else False.
24 | os.lchflags(path, flags) Set the flags of path to the numeric flags, like chflags(), but do not follow symbolic links.
25 | os.lchmod(path, mode) Change the mode of path to the numeric mode.
26 | os.lchown(path, uid, gid) Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid. This function will not follow symbolic links.
27 | os.link(src, dst) Create a hard link pointing to src named dst.
28 | os.listdir(path) Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory given by path.
29 | os.lseek(fd, pos, how) Set the current position of file descriptor fd to position pos, modified by how.
30 | os.lstat(path) Like stat(), but do not follow symbolic links.
31 | os.major(device) Extract the device major number from a raw device number.
32 | os.makedev(major, minor) Compose a raw device number from the major and minor device numbers.
33 | os.makedirs(path[, mode]) Recursive directory creation function.
34 | os.minor(device) Extract the device minor number from a raw device number .
35 | os.mkdir(path[, mode]) Create a directory named path with numeric mode mode.
36 | os.mkfifo(path[, mode]) Create a FIFO (a named pipe) named path with numeric mode mode. The default mode is 0666 (octal).
37 | os.mknod(filename[, mode=0600, device]) Create a filesystem node (file, device special file or named pipe) named filename.
38 | os.open(file, flags[, mode]) Open the file file and set various flags according to flags and possibly its mode according to mode.
39 | os.openpty() Open a new pseudo-terminal pair. Return a pair of file descriptors (master, slave) for the pty and the tty, respectively.
40 | os.pathconf(path, name) Return system configuration information relevant to a named file.
41 | os.pipe() Create a pipe. Return a pair of file descriptors (r, w) usable for reading and writing, respectively.
42 | os.popen(command[, mode[, bufsize]]) Open a pipe to or from command.
43 | os.read(fd, n) Read at most n bytes from file descriptor fd. Return a string containing the bytes read. If the end of the file referred to by fd has been reached, an empty string is returned.
44 | os.readlink(path) Return a string representing the path to which the symbolic link points.
45 | os.remove(path) Remove the file path.
46 | os.removedirs(path) Remove directories recursively.
47 | os.rename(src, dst) Rename the file or directory src to dst.
48 | os.renames(old, new) Recursive directory or file renaming function.
49 | os.rmdir(path) Remove the directory path
50 | os.stat(path) Perform a stat system call on the given path.
51 | os.stat_float_times([newvalue]) Determine whether stat_result represents time stamps as float objects.
52 | os.statvfs(path) Perform a statvfs system call on the given path.
53 | os.symlink(src, dst) Create a symbolic link pointing to src named dst.
54 | os.tcgetpgrp(fd) Return the process group associated with the terminal given by fd (an open file descriptor as returned by open()).
55 | os.tcsetpgrp(fd, pg) Set the process group associated with the terminal given by fd (an open file descriptor as returned by open()) to pg.
56 | os.tempnam([dir[, prefix]]) Return a unique path name that is reasonable for creating a temporary file.
57 | os.tmpfile() Return a new file object opened in update mode (w+b).
58 | os.tmpnam() Return a unique path name that is reasonable for creating a temporary file.
59 | os.ttyname(fd) Return a string which specifies the terminal device associated with file descriptor fd. If fd is not associated with a terminal device, an exception is raised.
60 | os.unlink(path) Remove the file path.
61 | os.utime(path, times) Set the access and modified times of the file specified by path.
62 | os.walk(top[, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]]) Generate the file names in a directory tree by walking the tree either top-down or bottom-up.
63 | os.write(fd, str) Write the string str to file descriptor fd. Return the number of bytes actually written.

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