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# Java - Sending Email

To send an email using your Java Application is simple enough but to start with you should have JavaMail API and Java Activation Framework (JAF) installed on your machine.

- You can download latest version of JavaMail (Version 1.2) from Java's standard website.

- You can download latest version of JAF (Version 1.1.1) from Java's standard website.

Download and unzip these files, in the newly created top level directories you will find a number of jar files for both the applications. You need to add mail.jar and activation.jar files in your CLASSPATH.

# Send a Simple Email:

Here is an example to send a simple email from your machine. Here it is assumed that your localhost is connected to the internet and capable enough to send an email.

    // File Name SendEmail.java

    import java.util.*;
    import javax.mail.*;
    import javax.mail.internet.*;
    import javax.activation.*;

    public class SendEmail
    {
       public static void main(String [] args)
       {

          // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
          String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

          // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
          String from = "web@gmail.com";

          // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
          String host = "localhost";

          // Get system properties
          Properties properties = System.getProperties();

          // Setup mail server
          properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

          // Get the default Session object.
          Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

          try{
             // Create a default MimeMessage object.
             MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

             // Set From: header field of the header.
             message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

             // Set To: header field of the header.
             message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                                      new InternetAddress(to));

             // Set Subject: header field
             message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");

             // Now set the actual message
             message.setText("This is actual message");

             // Send message
             Transport.send(message);
             System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
          }catch (MessagingException mex) {
             mex.printStackTrace();
          }
       }
    }

Compile and run this program to send a simple email:

    $ java SendEmail
    Sent message successfully....

If you want to send an email to multiple recipients then following methods would be used to specify multiple email IDs:

    void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type,
                       Address[] addresses)
    throws MessagingException

Here is the description of the parameters:

- type: This would be set to TO, CC or BCC. Here CC represents Carbon Copy and BCC represents Black Carbon Copy. Example Message.RecipientType.TO

- addresses: This is the array of email ID. You would need to use InternetAddress() method while specifying email IDs

# Send an HTML Email:

Here is an example to send an HTML email from your machine. Here it is assumed that your localhost is connected to the internet and capable enough to send an email.

This example is very similar to previous one, except here we are using setContent() method to set content whose second argument is "text/html" to specify that the HTML content is included in the message.

Using this example, you can send as big as HTML content you like.

    // File Name SendHTMLEmail.java

    import java.util.*;
    import javax.mail.*;
    import javax.mail.internet.*;
    import javax.activation.*;

    public class SendHTMLEmail
    {
       public static void main(String [] args)
       {

          // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
          String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

          // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
          String from = "web@gmail.com";

          // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
          String host = "localhost";

          // Get system properties
          Properties properties = System.getProperties();

          // Setup mail server
          properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

          // Get the default Session object.
          Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

          try{
             // Create a default MimeMessage object.
             MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

             // Set From: header field of the header.
             message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

             // Set To: header field of the header.
             message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                                      new InternetAddress(to));

             // Set Subject: header field
             message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");

             // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
             message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>",
                                "text/html" );

             // Send message
             Transport.send(message);
             System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
          }catch (MessagingException mex) {
             mex.printStackTrace();
          }
       }
    }

Compile and run this program to send an HTML email:

    $ java SendHTMLEmail
    Sent message successfully....

# Send Attachment in Email:

Here is an example to send an email with attachment from your machine. Here it is assumed that your localhost is connected to the internet and capable enough to send an email.

    // File Name SendFileEmail.java

    import java.util.*;
    import javax.mail.*;
    import javax.mail.internet.*;
    import javax.activation.*;

    public class SendFileEmail
    {
       public static void main(String [] args)
       {

          // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
          String to = "abcd@gmail.com";

          // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
          String from = "web@gmail.com";

          // Assuming you are sending email from localhost
          String host = "localhost";

          // Get system properties
          Properties properties = System.getProperties();

          // Setup mail server
          properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);

          // Get the default Session object.
          Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);

          try{
             // Create a default MimeMessage object.
             MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

             // Set From: header field of the header.
             message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

             // Set To: header field of the header.
             message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
                                      new InternetAddress(to));

             // Set Subject: header field
             message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");

             // Create the message part
             BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();

             // Fill the message
             messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");

             // Create a multipar message
             Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();

             // Set text message part
             multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

             // Part two is attachment
             messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
             String filename = "file.txt";
             DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
             messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
             messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
             multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

             // Send the complete message parts
             message.setContent(multipart );

             // Send message
             Transport.send(message);
             System.out.println("Sent message successfully....");
          }catch (MessagingException mex) {
             mex.printStackTrace();
          }
       }
    }

Compile and run this program to send an HTML email:

    $ java SendFileEmail
    Sent message successfully....

# User Authentication Part:

If it is required to provide user ID and Password to the email server for authentication purpose then you can set these properties as follows:

     props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
     props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");

Rest of the email sending mechanism would remain as explained above.

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